MN 45 · Khotbah Pendek tentang Cara Mengambil Praktik

Tokoh, tempat, dan gagasan utamanya

Cūḷadhammasamādāna Sutta menjelaskan empat cara menjalani praktik: yang terasa menyenangkan tapi berbuah pahit, yang terasa pahit dan berbuah pahit, yang terasa pahit tapi berbuah manis, dan yang terasa manis serta berbuah manis.

TOKOH

Buddha

Guru yang menjelaskan empat cara menjalani praktik berdasarkan rasa dan buahnya.

TEMPAT

Jetavana

Wihara di Sāvatthī, tempat Buddha menyampaikan ajaran ini kepada para bhikkhu.

KONSEP

Empat cara menjalani praktik

Kenikmatan sesaat bisa berbuah penderitaan panjang, dan kesulitan sesaat bisa berbuah kebahagiaan panjang — penting memilih praktik berdasarkan buah akhirnya, bukan rasa awalnya.

Visual pengantar Tiga Keranjang · bukan bagian dari teks kanonik.

Sinopsis singkat

Buddha menjelaskan bahwa suatu pilihan latihan tidak dapat dinilai hanya dari apakah ia terasa menyenangkan atau menyakitkan saat dijalani. Ia membagi cara menjalani sesuatu menjadi empat: menyenangkan sekarang tetapi menghasilkan penderitaan kemudian; menyakitkan sekarang dan menghasilkan penderitaan kemudian; menyakitkan sekarang tetapi menghasilkan kebahagiaan kemudian; serta menyenangkan sekarang dan menghasilkan kebahagiaan kemudian. Masing-masing diterangkan dengan perumpamaan yang menunjukkan bagaimana daya tarik sesaat dapat menyembunyikan akibat buruk, sementara sesuatu yang awalnya berat dapat membawa hasil baik. Dengan demikian pendengar diajak melihat tindakan bukan hanya dari rasa saat ini, tetapi dari arah yang dituju.

BAGIAN 5

mn45:5.1 And what is the way of taking up practices that is painful now and results in future pain?

mn45:5.2 It’s when someone goes naked, ignoring conventions. They lick their hands, and don’t come or wait when called. They don’t consent to food brought to them, or food prepared on their behalf, or an invitation for a meal.

mn45:5.3 They don’t receive anything from a pot or bowl; or from someone who keeps sheep, or who has a weapon or a shovel in their home; or where a couple is eating; or where there is a woman who is pregnant, breastfeeding, or who lives with a man; or where there’s a hound waiting or flies buzzing. They accept no fish or meat or beer or wine, and drink no fermented gruel.

mn45:5.4 They go to just one house for alms, taking just one mouthful, or two houses and two mouthfuls, up to seven houses and seven mouthfuls.

mn45:5.5 They feed on one saucer a day, two saucers a day, up to seven saucers a day.

mn45:5.6 They eat once a day, once every second day, up to once a week, and so on, even up to once a fortnight. They live committed to the practice of eating food at set intervals.

mn45:5.7 They eat herbs, millet, wild rice, poor rice, water lettuce, rice bran, scum from boiling rice, sesame flour, grass, or cow dung. They survive on forest roots and fruits, or eating fallen fruit.

mn45:5.8 They wear robes of sunn hemp, mixed hemp, corpse-wrapping cloth, rags, lodh tree bark, antelope hide (whole or in strips), kusa grass, bark, wood-chips, human hair, horse-tail hair, or owls’ wings.

mn45:5.9 They tear out their hair and beard, committed to this practice.

mn45:5.10 They constantly stand, turning down seats.

mn45:5.11 They squat, committed to the endeavor of squatting.

mn45:5.12 They lie on a mat of thorns, making a mat of thorns their bed.

mn45:5.13 They’re devoted to ritual bathing three times a day, including at dusk.

mn45:5.14 And so they live committed to practicing these various ways of mortifying and tormenting the body.

mn45:5.15 When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.

mn45:5.16 This is called the way of taking up practices that is painful now and results in future pain.