MN 39 · Khotbah Panjang di Assapura

Tokoh, tempat, dan gagasan utamanya

Di kota Assapura negeri suku Aṅga, Buddha mengingatkan para bhikkhu bahwa gelar 'petapa' dan 'brahmana' saja tidak cukup — mereka harus benar-benar menjalankan kualitas yang menjadikan gelar itu bermakna, tahap demi tahap. Inilah Mahāassapura Sutta.

TOKOH

Buddha

Guru yang mengingatkan para bhikkhu di Assapura tentang makna sejati gelar petapa.

TEMPAT

Assapura (negeri Aṅga)

Kota di negeri suku Aṅga, tempat Buddha mengingatkan para bhikkhu tentang makna sejati gelar petapa.

KONSEP

Petapa sejati, bukan sekadar gelar

Rasa malu dan takut berbuat salah, kemurnian perilaku, penjagaan indria, hingga pencapaian pengetahuan sejati — semua tahap ini harus dijalani sungguh-sungguh, bukan sekadar disandang sebagai gelar.

Visual pengantar Tiga Keranjang · bukan bagian dari teks kanonik.

Sinopsis singkat

Buddha menjelaskan kepada para bhikkhu apa artinya benar-benar hidup sebagai seorang samaṇa. Ia memulai dari rasa malu dan takut melakukan kesalahan, lalu bergerak melalui kemurnian perilaku tubuh dan ucapan, cara memperoleh penghidupan, penjagaan pintu indra, kesederhanaan dalam makan, kewaspadaan, perhatian penuh dan kejernihan. Setelah fondasi itu dibangun, seorang bhikkhu mencari tempat sunyi, mengatasi lima rintangan dan memasuki empat jhāna. Dari batin yang terkonsentrasi ia mengingat kehidupan lampau, melihat perjalanan makhluk sesuai kamma, dan mengetahui langsung hancurnya noda-noda. Uraian berakhir dengan gambaran seseorang yang telah menyelesaikan tugas kehidupan suci.

BAGIAN 14

mn39:14.1 Suppose a man who has gotten into debt were to apply himself to work,

mn39:14.2 and his efforts proved successful.

mn39:14.3 He would pay off the original loan and have enough left over to support his partner.

mn39:14.4 Thinking about this,

mn39:14.7 he’d be filled with joy and happiness.

mn39:14.8 Suppose a person was sick, suffering, gravely ill. They’d lose their appetite and get physically weak.

mn39:14.9 But after some time they’d recover from that illness, and regain their appetite and their strength.

mn39:14.10 Thinking about this,

mn39:14.12 they’d be filled with joy and happiness.

mn39:14.13 Suppose a person was imprisoned in a jail.

mn39:14.14 But after some time they were released from jail, safe and sound, with no loss of wealth.

mn39:14.15 Thinking about this,

mn39:14.17 they’d be filled with joy and happiness.

mn39:14.18 Suppose a person was a bondservant. They would not be their own master, but indentured to another, unable to go where they wish.

mn39:14.19 But after some time they’d be freed from servitude. They would be their own master, not indentured to another, a freeman able to go where they wish.

mn39:14.20 Thinking about this,

mn39:14.22 they’d be filled with joy and happiness.

mn39:14.23 Suppose there was a person with wealth and property who was traveling along a desert road.

mn39:14.24 But after some time they crossed over the desert, safe and sound, with no loss of wealth.

mn39:14.25 Thinking about this,

mn39:14.28 they’d be filled with joy and happiness.

mn39:14.29 In the same way, as long as these five hindrances are not given up inside themselves, a mendicant regards them as a debt, a disease, a prison, slavery, and a desert crossing.

mn39:14.30 But when these five hindrances are given up inside themselves, a mendicant regards this as freedom from debt, good health, release from prison, emancipation, and a place of sanctuary at last.