MN 38 · Khotbah Panjang tentang Hancurnya Ketagihan

Tokoh, tempat, dan gagasan utamanya

Bhikkhu Sāti keliru memahami bahwa kesadaran yang sama berpindah dan bertransmigrasi tanpa berubah. Buddha mengoreksinya dalam Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhaya Sutta dengan menjelaskan bahwa kesadaran muncul bergantung pada kondisi, dan tidak kekal.

TOKOH

Buddha

Guru yang mengoreksi pandangan keliru Sāti tentang kesadaran yang berpindah tanpa berubah.

TOKOH

Sāti

Bhikkhu anak nelayan yang keliru memahami bahwa kesadaran yang sama berpindah dari kehidupan ke kehidupan tanpa berubah.

TEMPAT

Jetavana

Wihara di Sāvatthī, tempat Buddha mengoreksi pandangan keliru Sāti.

KONSEP

Kesadaran muncul bergantung kondisi

Kesadaran bukanlah sesuatu yang tetap dan berpindah, melainkan muncul bergantung pada kondisi tertentu — seperti api yang dinamai menurut bahan bakarnya — dan lenyap ketika kondisinya berhenti.

Visual pengantar Tiga Keranjang · bukan bagian dari teks kanonik.

Sinopsis singkat

Bhikkhu Sāti mempertahankan pandangan bahwa kesadaran yang sama mengembara dari satu kehidupan ke kehidupan berikutnya. Para bhikkhu berusaha mengoreksinya, tetapi ia tidak berubah sehingga mereka membawa persoalan itu kepada Buddha. Buddha menegur Sāti dan menjelaskan bahwa kesadaran selalu muncul bergantung pada kondisi—kesadaran mata karena mata dan bentuk, kesadaran telinga karena telinga dan suara, dan demikian seterusnya. Penjelasan kemudian berkembang menjadi uraian tentang nutrisi, sebab-akibat yang saling bergantungan, proses kelahiran manusia, pertumbuhan anak, munculnya kenikmatan indria, dan bagaimana seorang Tathāgata mengajarkan jalan yang akhirnya memutus rangkaian kemelekatan tersebut.

BAGIAN 33

mn38:33.1 Once they’ve gone forth, they take up the training and livelihood of the mendicants. They give up killing living creatures, renouncing the rod and the sword. They’re scrupulous and kind, living full of sympathy for all living beings.

mn38:33.2 They give up stealing. They take only what’s given, and expect only what’s given. They keep themselves clean by not thieving.

mn38:33.3 They give up unchastity. They are chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.

mn38:33.4 They give up lying. They speak the truth and stick to the truth. They’re honest and dependable, and don’t trick the world with their words.

mn38:33.5 They give up backbiting. They don’t repeat in one place what they heard in another so as to divide people against each other. Instead, they reconcile those who are divided and support those who are united, delighting in harmony, loving harmony, speaking words that promote harmony.

mn38:33.6 They give up harsh speech. They speak in a way that’s mellow, pleasing to the ear, endearing, going to the heart, polite, and likable and agreeable to the people.

mn38:33.7 They give up talking nonsense. Their words are timely, true, and meaningful, in line with the teaching and training. They say things at the right time which are valuable, reasonable, succinct, and beneficial.

mn38:33.8 They refrain from injuring plants and seeds.

mn38:33.9 They eat in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and food at the wrong time.

mn38:33.10 They refrain from seeing shows of dancing, singing, and music.

mn38:33.11 They refrain from attiring and adorning themselves with garlands, fragrance, and makeup.

mn38:33.12 They refrain from high and luxurious beds.

mn38:33.13 They refrain from receiving gold and currency,

mn38:33.14 raw grains,

mn38:33.15 raw meat,

mn38:33.16 women and girls,

mn38:33.17 male and female bondservants,

mn38:33.18 goats and sheep,

mn38:33.19 chickens and pigs,

mn38:33.20 elephants, cows, horses, and mares,

mn38:33.21 and fields and land.

mn38:33.22 They refrain from running errands and messages;

mn38:33.23 buying and selling;

mn38:33.24 falsifying weights, metals, or measures;

mn38:33.25 bribery, fraud, cheating, and duplicity;

mn38:33.26 mutilation, murder, abduction, banditry, plunder, and violence.