MN 100 · Khotbah kepada Saṅgārava

Tokoh, tempat, dan gagasan utamanya

Brahmana Saṅgārava bertanya apakah para petapa mengaku mencapai pengetahuan karena tradisi, keyakinan, atau pengalaman langsung. Buddha menjelaskan tiga jenis guru dan menceritakan pencarian-Nya hingga menemukan pencerahan. Inilah Saṅgārava Sutta.

TOKOH

Buddha

Guru yang menjelaskan dasar pengetahuan-Nya melalui pengalaman langsung.

TOKOH

Saṅgārava

Brahmana muda yang menguji sumber klaim pengetahuan para petapa.

TOKOH

Dhānañjānī

Perempuan brahmana berbakti yang mendorong Saṅgārava menemui Buddha.

TEMPAT

Caṇḍalakappa

Desa tempat Buddha dan Saṅgārava berdialog.

GAGASAN

Pengetahuan yang dialami sendiri

Ajaran Buddha tidak hanya diwarisi atau dipercayai; ia berakar pada pencarian, latihan, dan realisasi langsung.

Visual pengantar Tiga Keranjang · bukan bagian dari teks kanonik.

Sinopsis singkat

Brahmana Saṅgārava bertanya kepada Buddha tentang para petapa yang mengaku mencapai pengetahuan tinggi: apakah Buddha termasuk mereka yang hanya mengikuti tradisi, mereka yang memperoleh pengetahuan melalui keyakinan, atau mereka yang mengetahui sendiri. Buddha menjawab dengan menceritakan pencarian pribadinya. Ia meninggalkan kehidupan rumah tangga, belajar kepada Āḷāra Kālāma dan Uddaka Rāmaputta, lalu menjalani praktik keras yang tidak membawa tujuan. Setelah meninggalkan ekstrem tersebut, ia menemukan jalan meditasi yang menghasilkan tiga pengetahuan dan pencerahan. Dengan demikian klaim Buddha tidak didasarkan pada kitab turun-temurun atau kepercayaan kepada orang lain, tetapi pada pengalaman langsung.

BAGIAN 10

mn100:10.1 So I approached Āḷāra Kālāma and said to him:

mn100:10.2 ‘Reverend Kālāma, to what extent do you say you’ve realized this teaching with your own insight?’

mn100:10.3 When I said this, he declared the dimension of nothingness.

mn100:10.4 Then it occurred to me,

mn100:10.5 ‘It’s not just Āḷāra Kālāma who has faith,

mn100:10.6 energy,

mn100:10.7 mindfulness,

mn100:10.8 immersion,

mn100:10.9 and wisdom; I too have these things.

mn100:10.10 Why don’t I make an effort to realize the same teaching that Āḷāra Kālāma says he has realized with his own insight?’

mn100:10.11 I quickly realized that teaching with my own insight, and lived having achieved it.

mn100:10.12 So I approached Āḷāra Kālāma and said to him,

mn100:10.13 ‘Reverend Kālāma, is it up to this point that you realized this teaching with your own insight, and declare having achieved it?’

mn100:10.14 ‘I have, reverend.’

mn100:10.15 ‘I too have realized this teaching with my own insight up to this point, and live having achieved it.’

mn100:10.16 ‘We are fortunate, reverend, so very fortunate

mn100:10.17 to see a venerable such as yourself as one of our spiritual companions!

mn100:10.18 So the teaching that I’ve realized with my own insight, and declare having achieved it, you’ve realized with your own insight, and dwell having achieved it.

mn100:10.19 The teaching that you’ve realized with your own insight, and dwell having achieved it, I’ve realized with my own insight, and declare having achieved it.

mn100:10.20 So the teaching that I know, you know, and the teaching you know, I know.

mn100:10.21 I am like you and you are like me.

mn100:10.22 Come now, reverend! We should both lead this community together.’

mn100:10.23 And that is how my tutor Āḷāra Kālāma placed me, his pupil, on the same position as him, and honored me with high praise.

mn100:10.24 Then it occurred to me,

mn100:10.25 ‘This teaching doesn’t lead to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment. It only leads as far as rebirth in the dimension of nothingness.’

mn100:10.26 Realizing that this teaching was inadequate, I left disappointed.